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versus populum
''Versus populum'' (Latin for "towards the people") is the liturgical orientation in which the priest celebrates Mass facing the people. The opposite orientation, whereby the priest faces in the same direction as the people, is often called ''ad orientem'' ("towards the east"), even if the priest is not in fact facing the east.
From the middle of the 17th century, almost all new Latin-rite altars were built against a wall or backed by a reredos, with a tabernacle placed on the altar or inserted into the reredos. This meant that the priest turned to the people, putting his back to the altar, only for a few short moments at Mass. However, the Tridentine Missal itself speaks of celebrating ''versus populum'',〔Latin ''versus'' does not mean "against", as does English ''versus''; it means "turned, toward, from past participle of ''vertere'', to turn" ((The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, 2000 ))〕 and gives corresponding instructions for the priest when performing actions that in the other orientation involved turning around in order to face the people.〔''Ritus servandus in celebratione Missae'', V, 3〕
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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